Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

5.8K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
5.8K
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

2.8K
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
2.8K
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

6.9K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
6.9K
Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:17

Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

1.8K
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
1.8K
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

6.4K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
6.4K
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

5.5K
The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Research journey into multiple-sensor theory.

Journal of neurophysiology·2023
Same author

Cardiovascular Outcomes of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients on Long Term TSH Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2023
Same author

Multiple sensor theory in airway mechanosensory units.

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology·2023
Same author

Multiple sensor theory in cardiovascular mechanosensory units.

Frontiers in physiology·2023
Same author

Transcription factor c-Jun modulates GLUT1 in glycolysis and breast cancer metastasis.

BMC cancer·2022
Same author

Regulation of breathing by cardiopulmonary afferents.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
11:34

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

23.8K

Right and left vagus nerves regulate breathing by multiplicative interaction.

Nana Song1, Jun Liu1, Mary Proctor2

  • 1Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|August 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Hering-Breuer reflex involves two vagus nerves. This study found their interaction is multiplicative, not additive, influencing respiratory rate and lung inflation responses.

Keywords:
Hering–Breuer reflexRespirationVagotomyVagus nerve

More Related Videos

A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat
09:28

A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat

Published on: November 25, 2014

20.2K
Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning
11:02

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

Published on: August 21, 2015

24.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
11:34

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

23.8K
A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat
09:28

A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat

Published on: November 25, 2014

20.2K
Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning
11:02

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

Published on: August 21, 2015

24.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Respiratory System

Background:

  • The Hering-Breuer reflex, known for over a century, regulates breathing.
  • The precise interaction mechanism between the two vagus nerves in this reflex remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that the vagus nerves interact multiplicatively in the Hering-Breuer reflex.
  • To elucidate the neural pathways underlying the Hering-Breuer reflex.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the Hering-Breuer reflex in mice before and after unilateral and then bilateral vagotomies.
  • Assessed reflex effects on respiratory rate and expiratory pause following lung inflation.

Main Results:

  • Unilateral vagotomy removed significantly more reflex effect than expected under an additive model.
  • Results indicated a greater impact from the first vagotomy compared to the second, suggesting a multiplicative interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The two vagus nerves interact via a multiplicative effect to produce the Hering-Breuer reflex.
  • This finding clarifies the neural integration of respiratory control.