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Hemolytic Disorders Causing Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.

Robert D Christensen1, Hassan M Yaish2

  • 1Women and Newborn's Program, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Intermountain Healthcare, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|August 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia often involves identifying a shortened erythrocyte life span due to hemolytic disorders. This review covers key tests like red blood cell morphology and advanced sequencing for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
AnemiaBINDBilirubinEnd-tidal carbon monoxideHemoglobinJaundiceKernicterusNext-generation DNA sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is frequently caused by shortened erythrocyte life span from hemolytic disorders.
  • Identifying the specific cause is crucial for effective management of severe neonatal jaundice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various diagnostic tests and approaches for identifying the causes of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • To highlight the utility of advanced laboratory techniques in diagnosing hemolytic disorders in newborns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and laboratory examinations for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Assessment of red blood cell morphology.
  • End-tidal carbon monoxide quantification.
  • Eosin-5-maleimide flow cytometry.
  • Next-generation DNA sequencing using neonatal jaundice panels.

Main Results:

  • Clinical and laboratory findings can often pinpoint the cause of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Multiple diagnostic modalities exist, ranging from basic morphology to advanced genetic sequencing.
  • These tests aid in differentiating various hemolytic conditions contributing to jaundice.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of clinical evaluation and specialized laboratory tests is effective in diagnosing the etiology of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Advanced techniques like flow cytometry and DNA sequencing offer precise diagnostic capabilities for neonatal hemolytic disorders.