Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Systemic α₂-agonist use and lower hazard of glaucoma compared with β-blockers: a cohort study.

BMJ open ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Response of reticulocyte and red blood cell indices to single-dose intravenous iron in pregnant women with moderate iron deficiency anemia: secondary analysis of the RAPIDIRON trial.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026

Same author

PyOPV: An Open-Source Python Package for Ophthalmic Visual Field Data Management.

Journal of glaucoma·2026

Same author

Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase II, single-arm trial.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2025

Same author

Dual-Level Pattern Tree for Visual Field Improves Glaucoma Progression and Polygenic Risk Prediction.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

CORDMILK: Umbilical Cord Milking versus Early Cord Clamping on short-and long-term outcomes in neonates who are non-vigorous at birth-study protocol of a multi-center, cluster-randomized, crossover-controlled trial.

Trials·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Flicker defined form, standard perimetry and Heidelberg retinal tomography: Structure-function relationships.

Parul Ichhpujani¹, David C Lo¹, Victor Cvintal¹

¹Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie

|August 11, 2015

Summary

Flicker Defined Form (FDF) perimetry shows significant correlation with Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) results and structural measurements in glaucoma patients. Further research is needed to explore FDF

More Related Videos

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: July 24, 2020

Author Spotlight: Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology with QAF Workflow

Author Spotlight: Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology with QAF Workflow

Published on: May 26, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: July 24, 2020

Author Spotlight: Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology with QAF Workflow

Author Spotlight: Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology with QAF Workflow

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Glaucoma diagnostics
Visual field testing

Background:

Glaucoma diagnosis relies on visual field testing and structural measurements.
Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) is a common method, but new techniques are being explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare Flicker Defined Form (FDF) perimetry with SAP.
To assess the correlation between FDF, SAP, and Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) structural measurements.

Main Methods:

A prospective, observational study included 31 glaucomatous and 13 healthy eyes.
FDF testing was performed using the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter (HEP).
SAP testing was done on the Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) analyzer, alongside HRT imaging.

Main Results:

FDF and SAP Mean Deviation (MD) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.81, p < 0.001).
Both FDF MD and SAP MD correlated significantly with HRT parameters like cup/disc ratio, disc area, rim volume, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
All correlations with HRT parameters were statistically significant for FDF MD and most for SAP MD.

Conclusions:

FDF perimetry's MD parameter correlates well with SAP results.
FDF and SAP demonstrate significant correlations with structural HRT parameters in both glaucomatous and healthy eyes.
FDF shows potential utility in glaucoma management, warranting further investigation.