What repeated measures analysis of variances really tells us

This article examined repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA). Within-subjects repeated measurements are unavoidable during clinical and experimental investigation, and between- and within-subject variability should be treated separately. Only through proper use and meticulous interpretation can ethical and scientific integrity be guaranteed. The philosophical background of, and knowledge pertaining to, RMANOVA are described in the first half of this text. The sphericity assumption and associated issues are discussed in the latter half. The final section provides a summary measure analysis, which was neglected by P value-dependent interpreters.