Developmental Trajectories of Internally and Externally Driven Temporal Prediction
Giovanni Mento1, Vincenza Tarantino2
1Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Plos One
|August 12, 2015
Summary
Children can use external and internal temporal prediction (TP) independently, but combining these strategies for optimal behavior develops after age eight. This developmental insight is crucial for understanding cognitive maturation.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Human Behavior
Background:
- Temporal prediction (TP) is vital for survival, enabling attention prioritization.
- Adults utilize both external and internally driven TP mechanisms for enhanced performance.
- Developmental studies on children's TP mechanisms, particularly their integration, are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how children aged 6-11 engage external and internal temporal prediction (TP) mechanisms.
- To examine the developmental trajectory of combining these TP strategies.
- To analyze sequential effects (SEs) in relation to TP development.
Main Methods:
- A reaction time paradigm with temporal cueing and neutral conditions.
- Orthogonal manipulation to induce external, internal, and combined TP.
- Investigation of sequential effects (SEs) across different conditions.
Main Results:
- All children demonstrated independent use of external and internal TP.
- Children under eight years old could not effectively combine both TP strategies.
- Younger children did not exhibit the typical asymmetric SE pattern in temporal cueing tasks.
Conclusions:
- Children can flexibly employ external and internal TP mechanisms independently.
- The ability to integrate both TP strategies develops after the age of eight.
- Developmental changes in TP are linked to the maturation of cognitive control and strategy integration.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:30Information Processing Approach
800
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
800
01:27Introduction to Developmental Psychology
2.2K
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
2.2K
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
879
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
879
01:03Prediction Intervals
3.6K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
3.6K
01:21The Nativist Approach
584
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
584
01:28Self-Esteem
345
Self-esteem, a core aspect of psychological well-being, reflects an individual's positive and negative self-evaluation in terms of worth, competence, and overall value. It is both a stable trait and a dynamic process, influenced by experiences and social interactions across the lifespan. While global self-esteem offers a general assessment, research highlights that self-esteem is multidimensional and varies across specific life domains.Domain-Specific Self-EsteemResearchers have delineated...
345