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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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fNIRS in the developmental sciences.

Teresa Wilcox1, Marisa Biondi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables infant brain studies, revealing early object, social, and language development. This neuroimaging tool offers insights into learning mechanisms in the first year of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Infant brain development

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a novel technology for studying infant brain activity.
  • Previous research has limitations in examining awake, engaged infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the implementation of fNIRS in infant populations.
  • To highlight the advantages of fNIRS for developmental science.
  • To review current research domains and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain activity in infants.
  • Implementing fNIRS in experimental settings with awake, engaged participants.
  • Analyzing fNIRS data across domains of object processing, social information, and language development.

Main Results:

  • fNIRS allows investigation of functional brain activation in infants.
  • Research using fNIRS has begun to localize early cognitive functions in the infant brain.
  • Studies reveal insights into neural mechanisms supporting early learning.

Conclusions:

  • fNIRS is a valuable tool for developmental scientists studying the infant brain.
  • Further optimization of fNIRS methods can address key questions in developmental science.
  • fNIRS research contributes to understanding the origins and development of human knowledge.