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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
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Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis with Renal Involvement.

Karan Chawdhary, Ann Parke

    Connecticut Medicine
    |August 13, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cocaine adulterated with levamisole can cause levamisole-induced vasculitis (LIV). This case highlights severe kidney disease from LIV, a rare but serious complication impacting patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Cocaine in the US is frequently adulterated with levamisole.
    • Levamisole-induced vasculitis (LIV) is a recognized complication of chronic cocaine use.
    • LIV typically presents with cutaneous vasculitis, agranulocytosis, and constitutional symptoms.

    Observation:

    • This report details a case of a crack cocaine user diagnosed with LIV.
    • The patient presented with significant renal disease.
    • Renal biopsy confirmed crescentic glomerulonephritis as the cause of kidney injury.

    Findings:

    • Levamisole-induced vasculitis can manifest with severe renal involvement.
    • Crescentic glomerulonephritis is a significant finding in this LIV case.

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  • Renal vasculitis is an uncommon but critical feature of LIV.

    • Implications:

    • Early recognition of renal involvement in LIV is crucial for patient management.
    • This case underscores the potential for severe systemic complications from adulterated cocaine.
    • Further research into the mechanisms and management of renal LIV is warranted.