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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Determining Four Components in a Lipid Nanoparticle RNA Delivery System by Liquid Chromatography Combined with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector
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Instrument platforms for nano liquid chromatography.

Jozef Šesták1, Dana Moravcová1, Vladislav Kahle1

  • 1Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Miniaturization in liquid chromatography led to nano LC systems, crucial for proteomics when coupled with mass spectrometry. This review covers trends in nano LC platforms, focusing on mobile phase delivery and sample injection.

Keywords:
Chromatographic separationNano LC platformsNano liquid chromatographyNanoflow deliverySplitless gradient generation

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Liquid chromatography (LC) has a history exceeding a century.
  • Miniaturization and automation are key trends driving LC advancements.
  • Nanocolumn liquid chromatography (nano LC), also known as capillary LC, represents the latest miniaturization achievement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize historical and current trends in nano LC platform development.
  • To highlight the critical role of miniaturized column dimensions and sorbent particle sizes.
  • To discuss the impact of mass spectrometry advances on nano LC applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on nano LC platforms.
  • Analysis of trends in mobile phase delivery (isocratic, gradient) at nanoflow rates.
  • Examination of sample injection techniques for nanocolumns.
  • Brief discussion of detection techniques used in nano LC.

Main Results:

  • Nano LC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) is a fundamental tool in bioanalytical chemistry, particularly proteomics.
  • Advances in mass spectrometry were essential for the practical breakthrough of nano LC.
  • Significant improvements have been made from early research to contemporary commercial nano LC solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Nano LC platforms have evolved significantly due to miniaturization and automation.
  • The coupling of nano LC with mass spectrometry has revolutionized bioanalysis and proteomics.
  • Continued innovation in mobile phase delivery, sample injection, and detection enhances nano LC capabilities.