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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
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Plasmonic mass and Johnson-Nyquist noise.

Jingyee Chee, Hosang Yoon, Ling Qin

    Nanotechnology
    |August 13, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    The collective inertial effect, or plasmonic effect, influences thermal noise in conductors with long electron scattering times. This effect, prominent in graphene, reveals unique thermal noise dependencies not seen in traditional materials.

    Area of Science:

    • Condensed matter physics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Quantum electronics

    Background:

    • The fluctuation-dissipation theorem connects thermal noise to linear response properties like ohmic resistance.
    • Collective electron inertia, a linear response property, is typically masked by Planck quantization in conventional conductors.
    • Advancements in nanotechnology enable conductors with extended electron scattering times, making inertial effects significant.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the plasmonic effect on thermal noise spectra in novel conductors.
    • To analyze the collective inertial effect within a semiclassical electron dynamics framework.
    • To explore the unique thermal noise properties of graphene due to its electronic structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Semiclassical electron dynamics modeling.

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  • Analysis of thermal noise spectra.
  • Microscopic and practical modeling approaches.
  • Main Results:

    • The collective inertial (plasmonic) effect critically impacts thermal noise in conductors with long scattering times.
    • Graphene exhibits rich temperature and frequency dependencies in its thermal noise spectrum.
    • These dependencies arise from zero single-electron effective mass and coexisting electron-hole bands.

    Conclusions:

    • The plasmonic effect is a crucial factor in thermal noise for advanced conductors.
    • Graphene's unique electronic properties lead to novel thermal noise characteristics.
    • Understanding these effects is vital for future electronic device development.