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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Genetic Markers in Human Bone Tissue.

R E Gaensslen1

  • 1Forensic Sciences Program, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA.

Forensic Science Review
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic markers in bone and tissues offer reliable human identification. DNA typing advancements provide powerful forensic applications for identifying human remains.

Keywords:
ABO blood group systemABO typingDNA typingX chromosomeY chromosomedeoxyribonucleic acidhuman bonehuman bone genetic markershuman identificationhuman tissue ABO typinghuman tissue genetic markersidentification of human remainspaleoserologypolymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphismsex determinationvariable number of tandem repeats

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Identification

Background:

  • Human identification relies on analyzing genetic markers in biological samples.
  • Previous methods for ABO grouping in bone and tissues have limitations.
  • Medicolegal and anthropological perspectives highlight the need for robust identification techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic marker utilization for human identification from bone and tissues.
  • To describe methods and case scenarios for identifying human remains.
  • To present advancements in bone and tissue genetic typing, including DNA analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ABO grouping and classical genetic markers in bone and tissues.
  • Presentation of a novel, highly reliable bone grouping procedure.
  • Discussion of DNA polymorphism typing techniques and their forensic applications.

Main Results:

  • Established a reliable procedure for genetic grouping of bone samples.
  • Included data on typing classical genetic marker systems in bone.
  • Highlighted the potential of DNA typing for forensic identification from bone and tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic marker analysis, particularly DNA typing, is crucial for human identification from skeletal remains.
  • Advancements in molecular techniques enhance the reliability and applicability of forensic identification.
  • The study contributes to understanding and improving methods for identifying human remains.