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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Molecular targeted therapies for cancer present unique side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like crizotinib can cause visual disturbances, while others like alectinib rarely do.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind crizotinib-induced visual disturbances.
  • To compare the effects of crizotinib and alectinib on retinal ganglion cell light responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ex vivo C57BL6 mouse model to assess retinal ganglion cell responses to light after treatment with crizotinib and alectinib.
  • Quantified changes in firing rates and response properties of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells.
  • Examined mRNA expression of ALK, MET, and ROS1 in retinal tissue.

Main Results:

  • Both crizotinib and alectinib altered retinal ganglion cell firing rates, but crizotinib affected a significantly higher percentage of cells (38.6%) compared to alectinib (15.7%).
  • Specific alterations in light response properties were observed, such as OFF cells responding to both ON and OFF stimuli.
  • ALK, MET, and ROS1 gene expression was detected in the retina.

Conclusions:

  • Crizotinib and alectinib appear to target retinal ganglion cells.
  • The differential impact on retinal ganglion cell light responses may explain the varying incidence of visual disturbances observed in patients treated with these drugs.
  • The experimental model may serve as a valuable tool for screening novel molecular targeted agents for ocular safety before clinical trials.