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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Behaviorism01:28

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The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
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Introduction to Learning01:18

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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Observational Learning01:12

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Law of Effect01:06

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B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
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Psychology as a Science01:13

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Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Learning sciences.

Mitchell J Nathan1, Martha Wagner Alibali1

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706 USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The learning sciences (LS) integrate systemic and elemental perspectives to understand learning and improve educational design. This approach bridges research and practice, offering a unified framework for studying complex behaviors across various scales.

Area of Science:

  • Learning Sciences (LS)
  • Cognitive Science
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Learning sciences aim to understand learning broadly and shape educational environments.
  • LS integrates systemic and elemental approaches, complementing cognitive science's elemental focus.
  • Key themes include bridging research and practice, and addressing limitations in learning theories for instruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of integrating systemic and elemental perspectives in learning sciences.
  • To examine the role of research in specifying instruction and assessing complex interventions.
  • To conceptualize LS research along a continuum of time scales, from microscopic to macroscopic.

Main Methods:

  • Employs both experimental and design-based research methodologies.

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  • Analyzes complex interventions and learning environments.
  • Utilizes a time-scale framework to unify disparate research traditions and methods.

    • Main Results:

    • The integration of systemic and elemental perspectives offers significant potential for LS.
    • A time-scale framework can unify diverse research approaches for studying learning.
    • Scaling down from complex settings to basic learning processes can build a cumulative knowledge base.

    Conclusions:

    • LS research has the potential to significantly impact authentic learning settings.
    • Bridging the gap between research and practice is crucial for advancing learning sciences.
    • A unified framework facilitates the study of learning and complex behavior across different scales.