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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Functional Groups02:45

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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Construction grammar.

Adele Goldberg1, Laura Suttle1

  • 1Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Construction grammar emphasizes how language constructions function formally and semantically. This usage-based approach links abstract patterns to specific instances, informing language acquisition and typology.

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Construction grammar posits that language is composed of form-meaning pairs called constructions.
  • These constructions range from single words to abstract syntactic patterns like argument structure.
  • Constructionist approaches integrate semantics, pragmatics, and information structure within constructions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the core principles and scope of construction grammar.
  • To highlight the functional and formal aspects of linguistic constructions.
  • To demonstrate how construction grammar interfaces with language acquisition, change, and typology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of constructions based on their degree of generality, from words to abstract patterns.

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  • Integration of semantic and pragmatic information within constructions.
  • Application of a usage-based framework acknowledging item-specific knowledge.
  • Utilizing inheritance hierarchies to relate abstract and idiomatic constructions.
  • Appealing to cognitive and social cognition for cross-linguistic typological generalizations.

    • Main Results:

    • Constructions encode formal properties, function, semantics, pragmatics, and information structure.
    • A usage-based model accounts for item-specific knowledge and generalizations.
    • Inheritance hierarchies capture relationships between constructions, facilitating generalization.
    • Construction grammar provides a framework for understanding cross-linguistic typological patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Construction grammar offers a unified account of linguistic knowledge, integrating form, meaning, and usage.
    • The approach naturally interfaces with psycholinguistic and typological data.
    • It provides a robust framework for modeling language acquisition, change, and diversity.