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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Language acquisition and language change.

David Lightfoot1

  • 1Communication Culture of Technology Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Complexity Science

Background:

  • Children develop language systems that can differ from their parents', contributing to language evolution.
  • Understanding language acquisition is crucial for comprehending changes in internal grammars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an approach to language acquisition based on environmental input.
  • To connect language acquisition to historical grammar change and variation.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing how children identify cues in linguistic input.
  • Integrating findings from language variation, acquisition, and change studies.

Main Results:

  • Language acquisition cues can explain historical shifts in grammar.
  • External language changes can prompt alterations in internal grammars.

Conclusions:

  • Language variation, acquisition, and change are interconnected and mutually informative.
  • Language can be productively studied as a complex system, with change analyzed through complexity science principles.