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Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

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Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
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Cognition and Behavior01:23

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Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Bayesian models of cognition.

Nick Chater1, Mike Oaksford2, Ulrike Hahn3

  • 1Department of Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences and Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE), UCL London, UK.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bayesian models are increasingly used to understand cognition by addressing uncertainty in tasks like perception and language. These models enhance our comprehension of cognitive computations across various domains.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive systems fundamentally grapple with uncertainty and incomplete information across diverse tasks.
  • This challenge is crucial for survival-related functions, from visual recognition to language comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Bayesian models applied to cognitive phenomena.
  • To explore how these models enhance understanding of cognitive computations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Bayesian inference principles.
  • Systematic examination of Bayesian models across various cognitive domains: Perception, Categorization, Learning and Causality, Language Processing, Inductive Reasoning, Deductive Reasoning, and Argumentation.

Main Results:

  • Bayesian models offer sophisticated explanations for cognitive processes under uncertainty.
  • These models have significantly advanced the understanding of underlying computations in perception, categorization, and reasoning.

Conclusions:

  • Sophisticated Bayesian models are enhancing the understanding of cognitive computations.
  • A key future challenge is expanding the evidential basis for these models, particularly for higher-level cognition.