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The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids.

Vincenzo Di Marzo1, Fabiana Piscitelli2

  • 1Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. vdimarzo@icb.cnr.it.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endocannabinoid system involves more than just CB1R and CB2R receptors. This review explores the broader "endocannabinoidome" of ligands, receptors, and enzymes, including phytocannabinoid interactions.

Keywords:
EndocannabinoidomeEndocannabinoidsPhytocannabinoidsTRP channels

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The endocannabinoid system is traditionally defined by cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and type-2 (CB2R), their endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-AG), and metabolic enzymes.
  • Emerging evidence suggests these ligands and phytocannabinoids interact with additional molecular targets beyond CB1R and CB2R.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expanded landscape of endocannabinoid system components, termed the "endocannabinoidome."
  • To explore the interactions between endogenous ligands, receptors, enzymes, and phytocannabinoids.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on endocannabinoid system components and their interactions.
  • Analysis of known and potential molecular targets for endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids.
  • Examination of endocannabinoid metabolic pathways and their broader roles.

Main Results:

  • Endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids interact with numerous targets beyond CB1R and CB2R.
  • Metabolic enzymes involved in endocannabinoid degradation can produce active molecules interacting with other receptors.
  • The endocannabinoidome encompasses a complex network of ligands, receptors, and enzymes with extensive cross-talk.

Conclusions:

  • The endocannabinoid system is more complex than previously understood, comprising a vast network of interactions.
  • Further research into the endocannabinoidome is crucial for understanding its physiological roles and therapeutic potential.
  • Phytocannabinoids engage with this expanded system, highlighting potential therapeutic synergies.