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Related Concept Videos

The Placebo Effect01:54

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The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
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Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
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The placebo effect: From concepts to genes.

B Colagiuri1, L A Schenk2, M D Kessler3

  • 1University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Australia.

Neuroscience
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Summary

The placebo effect significantly impacts health outcomes by integrating behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic factors. Understanding these influences is key to personalizing medical interventions for better patient results.

Keywords:
conditioningexpectancylearningmodelingpain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The placebo effect, once dismissed, is now recognized as a significant health determinant.
  • It modulates responses to active treatments across various conditions like pain, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pioneering studies and recent advances in the behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic influences on the placebo effect.
  • To present a unified model of the placebo effect as an expectancy learning mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on placebo effect research.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging studies identifying brain regions involved in placebo responses.
  • Synthesis of genetic studies linking specific gene variants to placebo responsiveness.

Main Results:

  • The placebo effect arises from integrating verbal, conditioned, and social cues.
  • Neuroimaging reveals key brain regions and mechanisms underlying placebo responses.
  • Genetic variants in dopamine, opioid, serotonin, and endocannabinoid pathways are linked to placebo responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted influences on the placebo effect is crucial for evaluating medical interventions.
  • Personalizing interventions based on individual placebo responsiveness can maximize treatment outcomes.