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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Osteoclasts: New Insights.

Xu Feng1, Steven L Teitelbaum2

  • 1Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.

Bone Research
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoclasts are key bone remodeling cells. New research reveals how M-CSF, RANKL, and integrin signaling pathways interact to control osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.

Keywords:
M-CSFRANKLbone remodelingintegrin αvβ3osteoclast

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Osteoclasts are crucial for bone remodeling and development.
  • Dysfunctional osteoclasts contribute to bone diseases.
  • Osteoclast differentiation requires monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding osteoclast differentiation mechanisms.
  • To explore the signaling pathways regulating osteoclast function and bone resorption.
  • To highlight the interplay between M-CSF, RANKL, and integrin signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on osteoclast biology.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving c-Fms, RANK, and integrin αvβ3.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.

Main Results:

  • M-CSF signaling through c-Fms promotes osteoclast precursor survival and proliferation.
  • RANKL signaling through RANK is essential for osteoclast differentiation.
  • Integrin αvβ3 induces cell polarization and the formation of the resorptive machinery.
  • Cross-talk between c-Fms, RANK, and integrin αvβ3 signaling pathways regulates bone resorption.

Conclusions:

  • Recent findings elucidate complex signaling networks governing osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into bone remodeling and pathogenesis of bone disorders.
  • Targeting these pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.