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Cognitive Development During Adolescence

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis

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Adolescent drinking and brain morphometry: A co-twin control analysis.

Sylia Wilson¹, Stephen M Malone², Kathleen M Thomas³

¹Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 61 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

|August 18, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent alcohol use is linked to brain structure changes, with some differences possibly predating drinking. This study in twins suggests both vulnerability and neurotoxic effects of alcohol on the developing brain.

Keywords:

Adolescence Alcohol use Brain morphometry Co-twin control Neuroimaging

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Addiction Research

Background:

The adolescent brain's developmental plasticity may increase susceptibility to alcohol's adverse effects.
While alcohol use disorders are uncommon in adolescents, alcohol initiation and problematic use rise during this period.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between normative alcohol consumption (initiation, binge drinking, intoxication) and brain morphometry in adolescents.
To differentiate between pre-existing vulnerabilities and neurotoxic effects of alcohol exposure on brain structure using twin analyses.

Main Methods:

Examined brain morphometry in 96 adolescent monozygotic twins.
Focused on 11 subcortical and 20 cortical regions of interest linked to adolescent alcohol use.
Employed co-twin control analyses to isolate genetic and environmental factors.

Main Results:

Found associations suggesting pre-existing vulnerability: reduced amygdala volume, increased cerebellum volume, and decreased frontal/temporal cortical volume and thickness.
Observed effects consistent with neurotoxicity: reduced ventral diencephalon and middle temporal gyrus volume.

Conclusions:

Adolescent alcohol use is associated with significant alterations in brain structure, including both pre-existing vulnerabilities and potential neurotoxic effects.
Findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and alcohol's impact on the developing adolescent brain.