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Wirelessly powered, fully internal optogenetics for brain, spinal and peripheral circuits in mice.

Kate L Montgomery1, Alexander J Yeh2, John S Ho2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Nature Methods
|August 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a tiny, implantable wireless optogenetic device for precise neural circuit control. This breakthrough allows for natural animal behavior during optogenetic experiments, minimizing disruption.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Implantable Devices

Background:

  • Optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits is crucial for neuroscience research.
  • Current methods often involve invasive tethering or bulky head-mounted devices, limiting natural animal behavior.
  • There is a need for smaller, less disruptive wireless optogenetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, miniaturized, implantable wireless optogenetic device.
  • To enable sophisticated optogenetic control of neural circuits with minimal disruption to animal behavior.
  • To demonstrate the device's utility across the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an easy-to-construct, subcutaneous implantable wireless optogenetic device.
  • Utilizing a radio-frequency (RF) power source and controller for wireless power delivery.
  • Testing the device in behaving mice for optogenetic stimulation of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Main Results:

  • The developed device is significantly smaller (20 mg, 10 mm(3)) than previous wireless systems.
  • The implant delivers sufficient light power for optogenetic stimulation with minimal tissue heating (<1 °C).
  • Successful untethered optogenetic control was achieved in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve endings of mice.

Conclusions:

  • The miniaturized wireless optogenetic device facilitates sophisticated neural circuit manipulation.
  • This technology allows for naturalistic animal behavior during optogenetic experiments.
  • The system enables optogenetic control of both central and peripheral targets, advancing neuroscience research.