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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

107
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
107
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
549
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

308
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
308
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

349
In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance...
349
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

317
In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
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Is low b-factors-based apparent diffusion coefficient helpful in assessing renal dysfunction?

Jiule Ding1, Jie Chen1, Zhenxing Jiang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.

La Radiologia Medica
|August 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low b-factors apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) effectively assesses renal dysfunction. Using fewer b-factors reduces scan time without compromising diagnostic accuracy for severe renal injury (sRI).

Keywords:
Apparent diffusion coefficientDiffusion-weighted imagingMagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Renal Physiology
  • Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Background:

  • Renal dysfunction assessment is crucial for patient management.
  • Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) offers insights into tissue microstructure.
  • Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) derived from DWI can reflect renal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of low b-factors-based ADC in identifying renal dysfunction.
  • To determine if reduced b-factors impact diagnostic performance in assessing severe renal injury (sRI).

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 44 subjects, classifying them into severe renal injury (sRI) and non-sRI groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  • Acquired free-breathing DWI data using seven b-factors (0-800 s/mm²).
  • Calculated two ADC values: ADC0-400 (using b-factors < 400 s/mm²) and ADC0-800 (using b-factors up to 800 s/mm²).

Main Results:

  • Both ADC0-400 and ADC0-800 were significantly lower in the sRI group compared to the non-sRI group (P < 0.01).
  • ADC values showed a linear relationship with eGFR (P < 0.05).
  • ADC0-400 and ADC0-800 demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.856, P < 0.001), with no significant difference in differentiating sRI from non-sRI.

Conclusions:

  • Low b-factors-based ADC is a viable and economical approach for assessing renal dysfunction.
  • Reducing b-factors in DWI can shorten examination time without sacrificing diagnostic performance for sRI.
  • This method provides an efficient alternative for renal imaging.