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Food Literacy: Definition and Framework for Action.

Tracy Cullen, Janelle Hatch, Wanda Martin1

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Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research : a Publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue Canadienne De La Pratique Et De La Recherche En Dietetique : Une Publication Des Dietetistes Du Canada
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Food literacy, encompassing food skills and access, lacks a clear definition. This study proposes a new definition and framework, emphasizing the social and environmental context of food choices to support health.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Social Science

Background:

  • The concept of food literacy is emerging, with diverse definitions and programming lacking consensus.
  • Existing literature shows variation in understanding food literacy's components, including food skills, food security, and health literacy.
  • This ambiguity hinders consistent research and program development in food literacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review and conceptual analysis of the term "food literacy."
  • To identify shared components and variations in existing definitions of food literacy.
  • To propose a refined definition and framework for food literacy.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of literature on food literacy.
  • Conceptual analysis to identify common themes and discrepancies in definitions.
  • Synthesis of findings to develop a proposed definition and framework.

Main Results:

  • Most definitions incorporate nutrition and food skills, but vary in addressing the impact of the food system on food access, processing, and enjoyment.
  • A significant lack of consensus exists regarding the integration of food security and health literacy within food literacy.
  • The complex food system's influence on individuals' ability to interact with food is inconsistently addressed.

Conclusions:

  • A proposed definition of food literacy emphasizes a positive relationship with food, influenced by social, cultural, and environmental experiences, enabling health-supportive decisions.
  • A framework is presented positioning food literacy at the intersection of community food security and food skills.
  • Food behaviors and skills must be understood within their broader social and environmental contexts for effective education and advocacy.