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Neural changes associated with semantic processing in healthy aging despite intact behavioral performance.

Jacinthe Lacombe1, Pierre Jolicoeur2, Stephan Grimault3

  • 1Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; CERNEC, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Département de psychologie, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), 4565 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada.

Brain and Language
|August 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Normal aging alters brain activity in semantic memory networks. Older adults show different neural recruitment patterns compared to younger adults, particularly in semantic control regions, despite similar task performance.

Keywords:
ElderlyLanguageMEGNeural reorganizationNormal agingSemantic executive processesSemantic memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Semantic memory relies on a widespread neural network, including the inferior prefrontal cortex (IPC) for semantic control and the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) for information processing.
  • The neural integrity of this semantic network during normal aging is not well understood.
  • Investigating age-related changes in brain activity during semantic tasks is crucial for understanding cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuronal integrity of the semantic memory network in healthy older adults compared to younger adults.
  • To identify age-related differences in brain activation patterns during a semantic judgment task.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record cortical activity in young and older healthy adults.
  • Participants performed a semantic judgment task to assess brain responses during semantic processing.
  • Behavioral performance was compared between age groups to ensure task equivalence.

Main Results:

  • Despite equivalent behavioral performance, younger adults showed greater activation in the left IPC than older adults.
  • Older adults exhibited greater bilateral temporoparietal and left ATL recruitment compared to younger adults.
  • Significant age-related neuronal changes were observed, particularly in semantic control regions.

Conclusions:

  • Normal aging is associated with significant neuronal alterations within the semantic memory network.
  • These changes are most prominent in brain regions responsible for semantic control processes.
  • Functional brain reorganization occurs in aging, even when behavioral performance remains stable.