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Gender differences in mortality among treated opioid dependent patients.

E Evans1, A Kelleghan1, L Li1

  • 1UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, United States.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|August 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study found that while treated opioid-dependent women face higher mortality risks than the general population, men experience greater mortality risks from specific factors like drug use and medical issues. Tailored interventions are crucial for reducing deaths in both genders.

Keywords:
Detoxification treatmentGender differencesLongitudinalMethadone treatmentMortalityOpioid dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Opioid dependence is a significant public health issue with varying mortality risks between genders.
  • Understanding gender-specific predictors of mortality is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in mortality rates among individuals receiving pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence.
  • To identify causes and predictors of death in treated opioid-dependent men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linked vital statistics data for individuals in California's publicly funded opioid dependence treatment programs (2006-2010).
  • Calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) by gender.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards models to assess gender's effect on all-cause mortality, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Observed 1,031 deaths over a median 2.6 years; women had a higher SMR (5.1) than men (4.3) compared to the general population.
  • Women had a 1.18 times higher relative risk of death than men, but a lower instantaneous hazard (HR 0.58) after controlling for factors.
  • Mortality predictors differed: employment and medical issues increased risk in men, while concurrent opioid and stimulant use impacted both genders differently.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment can reduce mortality risk in men by addressing employment, medical problems, and overdose risk.
  • Interventions for women should focus on concurrent opioid and stimulant use to mitigate mortality.
  • Gender-tailored approaches are essential for improving survival rates in treated opioid-dependent populations.