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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Published on: December 9, 2012

Confronting and resolving competing values behind conservation objectives.

Daniel S Karp¹, Chase D Mendenhall², Elizabeth Callaway³

¹Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; danielsolkarp@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|August 19, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diverse conservation goals require tailored strategies. A new typology helps balance competing objectives, revealing synergies like maintaining forest cover around farms to benefit biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Keywords:

agriculture bird conservation ecosystem services multifunctionality

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Conservation Biology
Environmental Science

Background:

Conservation efforts are driven by diverse, often conflicting, human motivations.
Different conservation objectives necessitate distinct strategies, potentially leading to trade-offs.
Habitat conversion is a primary driver of biodiversity loss globally.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply a practical typology of nature conservation based on seven common objectives.
To analyze trade-offs and synergies among conservation goals in a tropical agricultural landscape.
To provide a framework for resolving competing objectives in modern conservation.

Main Methods:

Developed a typology of conservation objectives.
Applied the typology to a bird assemblage in southern Costa Rica, focusing on habitat conversion.
Analyzed biodiversity-driven ecosystem services and species value in varied rural habitats.

Main Results:

Rural habitats provide biodiversity benefits like pollination and pest control.
Species valued for rarity and endemism declined in farmland habitats.
Maintaining forest cover around farms showed potential for enhancing multiple conservation objectives with minimal cost.

Conclusions:

A typology-based approach can clarify conservation goals and outcomes.
Habitat conversion presents complex trade-offs between different conservation values.
Synergies exist, suggesting integrated strategies can achieve multiple conservation aims effectively.