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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Colorectal Cancer Screening, Version 1.2015.

Dawn Provenzale1, Kory Jasperson1, Dennis J Ahnen1

  • 1From Duke Cancer Institute; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; University of Colorado Cancer Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; Hereditary Colon Cancer Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Stanford Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fox Chase Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
|August 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) updated colorectal cancer screening guidelines in 2015. Key updates include evidence for CT colonography, stool DNA tests, bowel preparation, and family history considerations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Guidelines

Background:

  • The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) develops evidence-based guidelines for cancer care.
  • Colorectal cancer screening is crucial for early detection and improved patient outcomes.
  • Previous guidelines required updates based on emerging evidence and technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key discussions and updates from the 2015 NCCN Colorectal Cancer Screening panel meeting.
  • To provide insights into the evaluation of new screening modalities and patient management strategies.
  • To inform healthcare providers on current best practices for colorectal cancer screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence presented at the 2015 NCCN Colorectal Cancer Screening panel meeting.
  • Discussion and consensus-building among expert oncologists and gastroenterologists.
  • Incorporation of new research findings on screening tests and patient risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Evaluation of the evidence supporting CT colonography and stool DNA testing as screening options.
  • Refinement of recommendations for bowel preparation procedures to optimize colonoscopy efficacy.
  • Updated guidelines for the screening and follow-up of individuals with a positive family history of colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The 2015 NCCN Guidelines reflect advancements in colorectal cancer screening technologies and risk assessment.
  • These updated guidelines aim to enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of colorectal cancer screening.
  • Continued research and guideline revisions are essential for optimal colorectal cancer prevention and management.