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Psychotic Experiences, Working Memory, and the Developing Brain: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study.

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Persistent psychotic experiences (PEs) in early adulthood are linked to worse working memory performance. This suggests altered brain network configuration, possibly an adaptive response to atypical development in individuals with PEs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Psychotic experiences (PEs) are prevalent in the general population, particularly in youth.
  • PEs are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, cognitive deficits, and a higher risk of developing psychosis.
  • The impact of persistent PEs in early adulthood on cognition and brain function remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of persistent and transient psychotic experiences on working memory and frontoparietal network function.
  • To examine brain structure differences in individuals with and without PEs.
  • To characterize the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive performance in early adulthood PEs.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed working memory using the n-back task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 149 individuals.
  • Classified PEs as persistent or transient based on longitudinal assessments.
  • Employed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for frontoparietal network analysis and voxel-based morphometry for gray matter examination.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with persistent PEs exhibited poorer working memory performance compared to controls and those with transient PEs.
  • No significant differences in regional brain activation or gray matter structure were found between groups.
  • DCM analyses indicated increased frontal connectivity within the frontoparietal network in individuals with PEs.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent PEs in early adulthood are associated with impaired working memory, despite intact regional brain structure and activation.
  • Altered frontoparietal network connectivity may represent a compensatory mechanism or an adaptive response to atypical neural development.
  • These findings highlight a distinct neural configuration of working memory function in individuals experiencing persistent PEs.