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Measles vaccination: influence of age on its efficacy

M H Lopes, J S de Mendonça, C S Pannuti

    Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo
    |September 1, 1989
    PubMed

    Insights

    Two measles vaccine doses, one early and one later, provide better protection than a single dose. This finding supports early vaccination schedules in developing countries for effective measles control.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Measles vaccination is crucial for preventing disease outbreaks.
    • Optimal vaccination schedules are essential for achieving herd immunity and protecting vulnerable populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the serologic efficacy and clinical protection of three different measles vaccination schedules in children.
    • To evaluate the impact of single versus dual-dose measles vaccination on antibody titers and disease acquisition.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 242 adequately nourished children in São Paulo, Brazil, divided into three groups based on vaccination timing and dosage.
    • Group A received two doses (pre-12 months and post-12 months), Group B received one dose (pre-12 months), and Group C received one dose (post-12 months).
    • Antibody titers were measured, and clinical protection was assessed based on measles virus exposure and disease acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Group A (two doses) showed a geometric mean antibody titer of 790.1, Group B (one dose, early) had 251.1, and Group C (one dose, late) had 550.3.
    • Children receiving a single early dose (Group B) had a higher chance of acquiring measles compared to those receiving two doses or a single late dose.
    • No significant difference in protection was observed between the two-dose schedule (Group A) and the single late dose schedule (Group C).

    Conclusions:

    • A vaccination program including an early first dose (at eight months) and a second dose after 12 months is favored for developing countries.
    • Dual-dose measles vaccination strategies enhance serologic efficacy and clinical protection, reducing disease risk.
    • Optimizing measles vaccination schedules is critical for effective disease prevention in pediatric populations.

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