Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

1.4K
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
1.4K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

210.6K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
210.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Montelukast potentiates the relaxing effect of nifedipine in the porcine myometrium.

Polish journal of veterinary sciences·2024
Same author

Fucoidan Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth Through Modulation of Different Cell Deaths.

Nigerian journal of clinical practice·2024
Same author

The Effect of Ground and Unground Enamel on the Clinical Performance of Direct Composite Build-up After Orthodontic Treatment: Five Years of Follow-up.

Operative dentistry·2023
Same author

Is There More than One Erythropoietin Receptor? Can the Hematopoietic Effects of EPO Be Dissociated from the Organ-Protective Effects by Carbamylated Erythropoietin?: Derivatives of erythropoietin that are tissue protective but not erythropoietic. Science 305: 239-242, 2004.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2023
Same author

Impact of postnatal nutrition on neurodevelopmental outcome in rat model of intrauterine growth restriction.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2022
Same author

Hounsfield units: A promising non-invasive tool for diagnosing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts
09:35

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts

Published on: March 2, 2017

12.6K

Ultra-Structural Alterations in In Vitro Produced Four-Cell Bovine Embryos Following Controlled Slow Freezing or

T Cavusoglu1,2, J Popken3, T Guengoer4

  • 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
|August 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cryopreservation of bovine embryos using controlled slow freezing or vitrification resulted in significant ultrastructural damage. Slow freezing caused more severe damage than vitrification, impacting embryo quality and development.

More Related Videos

Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps
08:28

Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.4K
Spatula Montevideo Device for the Vitrification of Mammalian Embryos
07:16

Spatula Montevideo Device for the Vitrification of Mammalian Embryos

Published on: June 6, 2025

946

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts
09:35

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts

Published on: March 2, 2017

12.6K
Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps
08:28

Morphometric Protocol for the Objective Assessment of Blastocyst Behavior During Vitrification and Warming Steps

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.4K
Spatula Montevideo Device for the Vitrification of Mammalian Embryos
07:16

Spatula Montevideo Device for the Vitrification of Mammalian Embryos

Published on: June 6, 2025

946

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cryopreservation is vital for preserving cells and tissues.
  • Controlled slow freezing and vitrification are established methods for mammalian embryo cryopreservation.
  • Understanding cryopreservation's impact on bovine embryos is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of controlled slow freezing and vitrification on in vitro produced four-cell stage bovine embryos.
  • To compare the ultrastructural changes induced by these two cryopreservation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Four-cell stage bovine embryos were divided into control, slow freezing, and vitrification groups.
  • Embryos were cryopreserved and thawed after one day.
  • Blastocyst development rates were assessed.
  • Ultrastructural integrity was examined using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Blastocyst development rates were significantly lower in cryopreserved groups (1% slow freezing, 3% vitrification) compared to controls (22%).
  • Cryopreservation induced ultrastructural damage, including mitochondrial degeneration and membrane integrity disruption.
  • Slow freezing resulted in more pronounced damage than vitrification, affecting organelles, cytoskeleton, and zona pellucida integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Both controlled slow freezing and vitrification negatively impact bovine embryo ultrastructure and development.
  • Vitrification appears to be less detrimental than slow freezing at the ultrastructural level.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate the harmful effects of cryopreservation on bovine embryos.