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Related Concept Videos

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

399
The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
399
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

371
Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
371
Flow Table Test01:12

Flow Table Test

547
The flow table test is an established method used to assess the workability of concrete, particularly useful for evaluating highly flowable concrete mixes. This test employs an apparatus that consists of a wooden board topped with a steel plate, collectively weighing 35 pounds. The board is connected to a base via a hinge and measures 27.6 inches on each side.
Concrete is placed within a truncated cone mold that is 8 inches high with an 8-inch base diameter and a 5-inch top diameter. The...
547

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Related Experiment Videos

A method to evaluate hydraulic fracture using proppant detection.

Juntao Liu1, Feng Zhang2, Robin P Gardner3

  • 1School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China; Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|August 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method uses non-radioactive proppant with Gadolinium (Gd) and pulsed neutron logging to accurately determine propped fracture height and placement. This technique offers higher sensitivity and requires only post-fracture measurement for effective stimulation evaluation.

Keywords:
Gd capture gamma raysHydraulic facture heightProppant detection

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Well Logging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate proppant placement and fracture height are crucial for optimizing hydraulic fracturing stimulation strategies.
  • Existing non-radioactive proppant evaluation techniques have limitations in sensitivity and measurement requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel technology for determining proppant placement and propped fracture height using non-radioactive proppant.
  • To assess the effectiveness of Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced proppant and pulsed neutron gamma energy spectra logging.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of Gadolinium Oxide (Gd2O3) into ceramic proppant.
  • Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations for logging tool and formation modeling.
  • Analyzing characteristic responses to fracture width, proppant concentration, and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Gadolinium capture gamma rays effectively evaluate propped fractures.
  • The new method demonstrates higher sensitivity to fracture width and traceable proppant content compared to existing techniques.
  • Only an after-fracture measurement is required, simplifying the evaluation process.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Gd-enhanced proppant and pulsed neutron logging technology provides an accurate and sensitive method for evaluating propped fractures.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of current non-radioactive methods, requiring only a single post-fracture measurement.
  • Field application validates the technique's efficacy in real-world scenarios.