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Avoid the perils of using rounded data.

Phil J Borman1, Marion J Chatfield1

  • 1GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|August 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Always use unrounded data for technical accuracy. If using rounded data, perform a risk assessment or use "effectively unrounded data" with at least two extra decimal places for reliable calculations and visualizations.

Keywords:
DataEffectiveRecordedReportedRoundedSpecification

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Area of Science:

  • Data analysis and scientific reporting
  • Statistical methodology

Background:

  • Rounded data are often used for reporting, but can introduce inaccuracies in calculations and visualizations.
  • Past practices have sometimes used rounded data for analysis, despite technical recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the implications of using rounded versus unrounded data in scientific reporting.
  • To provide recommendations for handling rounded data in calculations, visualizations, and formal assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of technical best practices for data handling.
  • Illustrative examples demonstrating the impact of data rounding.
  • Guidance on risk assessment for rounded data usage.

Main Results:

  • Using unrounded or "effectively unrounded data" (at least two extra decimal places) is crucial for accurate calculations and visualizations.
  • Rounded data can lead to significant errors in numerical computations and graphical representations.
  • Formal assessments against specification limits are compromised by the use of rounded data.

Conclusions:

  • It is recommended to use unrounded data whenever possible.
  • If rounded data are unavoidable, a risk assessment of rounding impact is necessary.
  • Employ "effectively unrounded data" and list both effectively unrounded and reported data in scientific reports.