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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
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Transposon-based reprogramming to induced pluripotency.

Dharmendra Kumar1, Thirumala R Talluri2, Taruna Anand3

  • 1Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India.

Histology and Histopathology
|August 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposon-based methods offer a safer, non-viral alternative for generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. These DNA transposons avoid insertional mutagenesis risks associated with viral vectors, advancing safe iPS cell production.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Gene therapy
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Current viral methods for iPS cell generation carry risks like insertional mutagenesis and tumor formation.
  • Safer, non-viral reprogramming techniques are actively sought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and advantages of transposon-based methods for inducing pluripotency.
  • To highlight transposons as a safe alternative to viral gene delivery for iPS cell production.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on DNA transposon-based gene transfer for reprogramming.
  • Discussion of transposon system components: DNA transposons and transposase enzymes.
  • Exploration of hyper-active and mutated transposase variants, including integration-deficient ones.

Main Results:

  • DNA transposons are non-viral elements that integrate into the genome via transposase.
  • Transposon systems offer increased safety, large cargo capacity, and simpler design.
  • Integration-deficient transposase variants enable transposon removal post-reprogramming, yielding transposon-free cells.

Conclusions:

  • Transposon-based reprogramming presents a promising, safer alternative to viral methods for iPS cell generation.
  • This approach broadens the available tools for iPS cell production.
  • It advances the development of safe, non-viral stem cell therapies.