Wound Healing with Nature: A Systematic Review on Recent Advances and Smart Integration in Herbal-Based Polymeric...

Chronic and acute wounds remain a significant burden in clinical settings, frequently complicated by infection, delayed healing, and poor patient adherence. Traditional dressings primarily act as protective barriers and provide minimal active support to the wound environment. In recent years, herbal- based polymeric films have gained attention as innovative dressings that combine the therapeutic benefits of plant-derived compounds with advances in biomaterial design.

A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Relevant studies on herbal-loaded polymeric films for wound healing were selected based on predefined criteria, and findings were qualitatively analyzed due to variations in study design and materials.

A total of 101 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, herbal-based polymeric films showed encouraging outcomes, with reported wound closure rates of 75-95% within 14 days. Improvements included better collagen formation, faster epithelialization, and antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 15-25 mm against common pathogens. Advanced platforms such as electrospun nanofibers, 3D-printed scaffolds, and stimuli-responsive systems demonstrated controlled drug release and enhanced tissue repair.

The combined effect of polymers and herbal bioactives appears to strengthen antimicrobial action, regulate inflammation, and promote tissue regeneration. However, concerns regarding standardization, formulation stability, regulatory pathways, and limited clinical trials remain important challenges.

Herbal-based polymeric films offer a promising and sustainable approach to modern wound management, though further refinement and clinical validation are necessary for routine clinical adoption.