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Two methods for estimating limits to large-scale wind power generation.

Lee M Miller1, Nathaniel A Brunsell2, David B Mechem2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany; lmiller@bgc-jena.mpg.de.

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|August 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wind turbines limit energy generation by reducing wind speeds. A new model shows this effect is more significant at night, impacting wind power potential.

Keywords:
extraction limitsgeneration limitskinetic energy fluxturbine–atmosphere interactionswind resource

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Wind turbines extract kinetic energy from atmospheric flow, reducing wind speeds and limiting large wind farm generation.
  • The vertical kinetic energy (VKE) flux method approximates these interactions, predicting a maximum power generation potential of 26% of the instantaneous downward kinetic energy transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the VKE flux method with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for simulating wind turbine energy generation.
  • To assess the accuracy of the VKE method in predicting wind power generation limits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the WRF regional atmospheric model with a wind turbine parameterization.
  • Simulated wind turbine interactions over a 10^5 km^2 region in the central United States.
  • Compared WRF simulation results with VKE flux method predictions.

Main Results:

  • WRF simulations predicted a maximum generation of 1.1 W·m⁻², while the VKE method underestimated this by approximately 50%.
  • The VKE method's underestimation is due to its reliance on pre-turbine atmospheric conditions, neglecting changes in kinetic energy flux.
  • WRF simulations showed nighttime generation estimates were about twice the VKE values, highlighting interactions with the nocturnal low-level jet.

Conclusions:

  • The VKE method provides a simplified approach to understanding wind power generation limits, but it underestimates potential, especially at night.
  • Wind power generation in windy regions is limited to approximately 1 W·m⁻² due to downward transport limits and wind speed reductions.
  • Accurate modeling, like WRF, is crucial for understanding complex wind turbine-atmosphere interactions and optimizing wind energy production.