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Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

Glaucoma Genes and Mechanisms.

Janey L Wiggs¹

¹Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

|August 28, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic research identifies key genes for early and adult-onset glaucoma. These genes impact various cellular functions, offering insights for developing gene-based glaucoma therapies.

Keywords:

Autophagy Caveolins Complex trait Extracellular matrix Glaucoma Inheritance Lipid metabolism Mendelian trait NOS3 Ocular development Regulation of cell cycle TGF-beta TNF-alpha

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Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

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Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Genetics
Ophthalmology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Genetic factors play a significant role in both early-onset and adult-onset glaucoma.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of glaucoma is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and organize genes associated with glaucoma based on their cellular functions.
To provide insights into the biological pathways affected in glaucoma pathogenesis.
To highlight the potential for gene-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of genetic studies on glaucoma.
Categorization of identified glaucoma genes by their protein products' biological functions and affected cellular processes.
Synthesis of current knowledge on gene function in glaucoma pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Identified numerous genes contributing to early-onset and adult-onset glaucoma.
Found that glaucoma-related proteins are involved in diverse cellular processes including extracellular matrix, cytokine signaling, lipid metabolism, and cell division.
Highlighted that approximately half of these genes function in the extracellular matrix.

Conclusions:

Genetic studies have elucidated key genes involved in glaucoma.
The diverse functions of these genes underscore the complexity of glaucoma pathogenesis.
Further understanding of these gene functions is essential for advancing gene-based glaucoma therapies.