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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Evidence for a Finite-Temperature Insulator.

M Ovadia1, D Kalok1, I Tamir1

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed a significant drop in conductivity in amorphous indium-oxide, suggesting a transition towards a zero-conductance state at low temperatures. This finding offers insights into the elusive finite-temperature insulator phase in superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Superconductors exhibit zero-resistance current flow protected by condensed electrons.
  • Finite-temperature insulators and superinsulating phases are distinct from traditional insulators due to residual conduction mechanisms.
  • Observing transitions to these states requires minimal residual conduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conductivity of a high magnetic-field insulator that terminates superconductivity.
  • To determine if this material exhibits behavior consistent with a finite-temperature insulator.
  • To explore the transition towards a zero-conductance state at very low temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of conductivity in amorphous indium-oxide.
  • Application of high magnetic fields to induce insulating behavior.
  • Temperature-dependent measurements down to 0.04 K.

Main Results:

  • The conductivity of the high magnetic-field insulator showed an abrupt drop.
  • Conductance appeared to approach zero at temperatures below 0.04 K.
  • These observations align with theoretical predictions for a finite-temperature insulator.

Conclusions:

  • The amorphous indium-oxide system demonstrates characteristics of a finite-temperature insulator.
  • The observed abrupt conductivity drop suggests a potential transition to a near-zero conductance state.
  • Results provide evidence supporting theories of finite-temperature insulating phases in condensed matter systems.