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Western US intermountain seismicity caused by changes in upper mantle flow.

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Mantle flow, not gravitational energy, is a primary driver of intraplate earthquakes. Improved models link seismicity to changing mantle flow, enhancing our understanding of seismic hazard in continental interiors.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid Earth geophysics
  • Tectonophysics
  • Seismology

Background:

  • Intraplate earthquakes, occurring away from plate boundaries, pose a challenge to plate tectonic theory.
  • Seismicity in the western US is concentrated in an 'intermountain' belt, coinciding with lithospheric structural gradients.
  • The precise cause of seismicity localization in these zones remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between mantle flow dynamics and intraplate seismicity.
  • To identify the primary drivers of continental deformation and seismicity in intraplate settings.
  • To improve predictive models for seismic hazard assessment in tectonically active continental regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized improved mantle flow models to simulate geodynamic processes.
  • Analyzed the correlation between seismicity rates and the rate of change in dynamic topography (vertical normal stress from mantle flow).
  • Compared the predictive skill of mantle flow dynamics against other potential forcings.

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was identified between seismicity and the rate of change in dynamic topography.
  • Mantle flow dynamics demonstrated higher predictive skill for seismicity than other examined forcings.
  • Gravitational potential energy variations were found to play a minor role in seismicity.

Conclusions:

  • Active mantle flow is a major contributor to seismogenic intraplate deformation.
  • Seismicity localization is governed by convective changes in vertical normal stress modulated by lithospheric strength heterogeneities.
  • Mantle flow significantly influences topography, tectonics, and seismic hazard in intraplate regions.