Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis II: Management

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

SPIRIT-Children and Adolescents (SPIRIT-C) 2026 extension statement: enhancing the reporting and usefulness of paediatric randomised trial protocols.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health·2026

Same author

CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 extension statement: enhancing the reporting and impact of paediatric randomised trials.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health·2026

Same author

If You Want to Go Far, Go Together: Lessons Learned from Quality Improvement Collaboratives in Palliative Care.

Journal of palliative medicine·2026

Same author

SPIRIT-Children and Adolescents (SPIRIT-C) 2026 Extension Statement: Enhancing the Reporting and Usefulness of Pediatric Randomized Trial Protocols.

JAMA pediatrics·2026

Same author

CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 Extension Statement: Enhancing the Reporting and Impact of Pediatric Randomized Trials.

JAMA pediatrics·2026

Same author

CONSORT-C 2026 explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing the reporting and impact of paediatric randomised trials.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Tramadol versus codeine/acetaminophen after pediatric tonsillectomy: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized

Stefan J Friedrichsdorf¹, Andrea C Postier², Laurie Pane Foster²

¹Medical Director, Department of Pain Medicine, Palliative Care & Integrative Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Journal of Opioid Management

|August 28, 2015

Summary

Tramadol and codeine/acetaminophen effectively manage post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Tramadol showed a lower risk of oversedation, while codeine/acetaminophen had less itching, suggesting tramadol as a viable option for pediatric pain relief.

More Related Videos

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Published on: June 23, 2023

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Published on: June 23, 2023

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Pain Management
Pharmacology

Background:

Tonsillectomy is a common pediatric procedure with significant postoperative pain.
Optimal analgesic strategies for pediatric tonsillectomy remain debated.
Evaluating single-drug efficacy for post-tonsillectomy pain is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy and safety of tramadol versus codeine/acetaminophen for pediatric post-tonsillectomy pain.
To assess pain scores and side effect profiles of two common analgesic regimens.
To inform optimal pain management protocols for children undergoing tonsillectomy.

Main Methods:

Prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial involving 74 children aged 4-15 years.
Participants received either liquid tramadol or codeine/acetaminophen for 10 days post-tonsillectomy.
Pain and side effects were monitored via parent-completed diaries.

Main Results:

Both tramadol and codeine/acetaminophen provided adequate pain relief without significant differences in pain scores.
Oversedation was more frequent in the codeine/acetaminophen group on the day of surgery.
Itching was reported more often in the tramadol group postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Tramadol is a potentially effective and safe option for pediatric post-tonsillectomy pain management.
Tramadol demonstrated a favorable side effect profile with less oversedation compared to codeine/acetaminophen.
Scheduled and as-needed tramadol can be considered as part of multimodal analgesia in children.