Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

77.5K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
77.5K
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

1.6K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.6K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

65.9K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
65.9K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

10.1K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
10.1K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

66.0K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
66.0K
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

45.1K
Overview
45.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of novel candidate neural genes for diet-induced obesity in outbred heterogeneous stock rats.

Research square·2026
Same author

Mapping quantitative trait loci underlying body weight changes that act at different times during high-fat diet challenge in collaborative cross mice.

Animal models and experimental medicine·2026
Same author

The distinct roles of genome, methylation, transcription, and translation on protein expression in Arabidopsis thaliana resolve the Central Dogma's information flow.

Genome biology·2025
Same author

Using encrypted genotypes and phenotypes for collaborative genomic analyses to maintain data confidentiality.

Genetics·2023
Same author

Mapping novel QTL and fine mapping of previously identified QTL associated with glucose tolerance using the collaborative cross mice.

Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society·2023
Same author

Dominance is common in mammals and is associated with trans-acting gene expression and alternative splicing.

Genome biology·2023
Same journal

Lineage tracing from cellular heritage to disease destiny.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

Multiomics analysis of primary metabolism reveals the genetic basis of nitrogen partitioning modulated by ZmAVT1A-1 in maize.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

No evidence of immunosurveillance in mutation-hotspot-driven clonal hematopoiesis.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

Near-perfect genome sequencing in medical genetics.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

Three decades of cancer genetics.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

Advances and challenges of splicing prediction with AI.

Nature genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

23.4K

Genetic differential calculus.

Richard Mott1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature Genetics
|August 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-throughput phenotyping of mouse genetic knockouts faces challenges like measurement bias. New methods and data from 320 knockouts improve analysis reproducibility across research centers.

More Related Videos

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.0K
Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

23.4K
Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.0K
Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.8K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Phenomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • High-throughput phenotyping of mouse genetic knockouts is crucial for understanding gene function.
  • Systematic measurement biases, varying over time, pose significant challenges to data analysis and reproducibility.
  • The EUMODIC consortium addresses these challenges through standardized protocols and advanced statistical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive dataset of 320 mouse genetic knockouts.
  • To introduce novel statistical analyses for high-throughput phenotyping data.
  • To enhance the reproducibility of phenomic analyses across different research centers.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of 320 mouse genetic knockouts using standardized phenotyping pipelines.
  • Application of new statistical analyses to address systematic measurement biases.
  • Cross-center data validation to assess reproducibility.

Main Results:

  • The study provides a large dataset of standardized phenomic data from 320 genetic knockouts.
  • The developed statistical methods demonstrate improved ability to correct for time-dependent biases.
  • Enhanced reproducibility of phenotyping results across participating centers was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized phenotyping pipelines and advanced statistical methods are essential for reliable high-throughput genetic knockout analysis.
  • The EUMODIC data and analytical approaches provide a valuable resource for the research community.
  • This work represents a significant step towards reproducible phenomics research.