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Selenium and the thyroid.

Josef Köhrle1

  • 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adequate selenium, iodine, and iron intake are crucial for thyroid health. Selenium supplementation may benefit thyroid conditions like Hashimoto

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone status relies on essential trace elements: selenium, iodine, and iron.
  • Selenium levels are frequently altered in thyroid disorders, including benign and malignant conditions.
  • Imbalances in these nutrients affect thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, and action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of selenium and its interplay with iodine and iron in maintaining thyroid function.
  • To update on the use of selenium compounds in preventing and treating thyroid diseases.
  • To examine selenium's impact on thyroid hormone status across different life stages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on selenium, iodine, and iron in thyroid health.
  • Analysis of studies investigating selenium supplementation in thyroid disease.
  • Examination of factors influencing selenium efficacy, including dosage, form, and patient status.

Main Results:

  • Selenium administration shows potential in improving clinical scores and reducing antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis and mild Graves' disease.
  • Published results on selenium's benefits are conflicting, influenced by baseline selenium levels, intervention specifics, and genetic factors.
  • Evidence suggests sex-specific selenium actions and highlights its importance throughout life, from development to aging.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal thyroid function necessitates adequate selenium, iodine, and iron nutrition.
  • Sufficient selenium intake, saturating selenoprotein P expression, is vital for a healthy thyroid.
  • These trace elements play a critical role in thyroid health across all life stages.