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Is Vector Control Sufficient to Limit Pathogen Spread in Vineyards?

M P Daugherty1, S O'Neill2, F Byrne2

  • 1Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. matt.daugherty@ucr.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter reduces vector pressure in vineyards. Long-term imidacloprid use can decrease Pierce's disease prevalence, though effects on spread are observed over multiple seasons.

Keywords:
Xylella fastidiosadisease incidencedisease spreadtransmission efficiencyvector-borne pathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vector control is crucial for disease management, but its impact on pathogen spread is often unevaluated.
  • Pierce's disease in California vineyards is managed using insecticides targeting the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis).
  • Data linking sharpshooter control to reduced vector pressure and disease spread are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the epidemiological value of within-vineyard chemical control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter.
  • To determine if imidacloprid application reduces vector pressure and Pierce's disease prevalence.
  • To evaluate the long-term effects of insecticide treatment history on disease dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 34 vineyards over successive years to monitor vector abundance and disease prevalence.
  • Applied systemic insecticide imidacloprid for vector control.
  • Analyzed the relationship between insecticide treatment history, vector pressure, and disease prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Imidacloprid effectively reduced glassy-winged sharpshooter pressure without significant non-target effects or secondary pest outbreaks.
  • Vineyards with a history of regular or intermittent imidacloprid treatment showed lower Pierce's disease prevalence compared to untreated vineyards.
  • While treatment history influenced overall disease prevalence, year-to-year changes in disease and pathogen spread were not significantly affected by insecticide treatment or vector abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Within-vineyard imidacloprid applications can contribute to reducing pathogen spread, with benefits becoming apparent over multiple seasons.
  • The observed modest effect on disease spread may be due to area-wide control efforts reducing regional sharpshooter populations.
  • Continued within-vineyard vector control remains important, especially if regional population densities increase.