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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Fighting obesity: When muscle meets fat.

Xin Yang1, Pengpeng Bi1, Shihuan Kuang1

  • 1Department of Animal Science; Purdue University ; West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

Adipocyte
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity is a growing global health crisis. Research highlights the crucial role of muscle-fat crosstalk, involving myokines, in regulating energy balance and offers potential therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes.

Keywords:
AMPKInsulin resistanceadipocyteadiposefatmusclemyokine

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates pose significant health risks, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Adipose tissue biology and its role in energy homeostasis are under intense investigation.
  • Skeletal muscle and its secreted factors (myokines) are increasingly recognized for their influence on energy balance and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of muscle-fat crosstalk in the context of energy metabolism, obesity, and diabetes.
  • To summarize adipocyte types, origins, and their impact on body composition.
  • To highlight novel myokines and their regulatory roles in fat mass and energy balance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on muscle-fat interactions.
  • Summary of adipocyte biology and developmental origins.
  • Analysis of myokine functions in regulating energy metabolism and fat mass.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal muscle cells share developmental origins with brown adipocytes, which dissipate energy through heat production.
  • Novel myokines are identified as key regulators of adipose tissue mass and systemic energy balance.
  • Muscle-fat crosstalk significantly impacts body composition and metabolic health.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding muscle-fat crosstalk is vital for addressing the obesity epidemic.
  • Skeletal muscle represents a promising therapeutic target for managing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
  • Further research into myokines could unlock new treatment strategies for metabolic diseases.