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Detecting Silent Vocalizations in a Locked-In Subject.

Elina Sarmah1, Philip Kennedy2

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA.

Neuroscience Journal
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Detecting lower beta band peaks can help identify the start of silent speech. This finding is crucial for developing brain-computer interfaces to restore speech for paralyzed individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Decoding neural signals is key for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
  • Silent vocalization onset detection is needed to improve speech synthesis in BCIs for locked-in patients.
  • Current BCIs require enhanced methods for real-time neural signal interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify neural correlates of vocalization onset during silent speech.
  • To investigate the utility of lower beta band peaks for detecting speech initiation.
  • To assess the potential of these neural markers for improving BCIs.

Main Methods:

  • Cortical recordings were performed on a mute, paralyzed subject during attempted inner speech.
  • Analysis focused on lower beta band power spectrum density (PSD) peaks exceeding a 0.2% increase.

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  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used in speaking subjects to corroborate findings over speech areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant lower beta band peaks were consistently observed at the estimated onset of silent speech.
    • Single unit firing correlations increased post-peak, suggesting a link to motor execution.
    • Control studies indicated these peaks relate to articulator movement, not higher cognitive speech processes.

    Conclusions:

    • A sharp peak in lower beta band activity signifies the onset of both silent and overt speech.
    • This discovery is a significant advancement for developing speech prostheses.
    • These lower beta band peaks offer potential for online applications to aid speech decoding in BCIs for mute individuals.