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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Auditory Perception01:17

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
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Cochlear Delay and Medial Olivocochlear Functioning in Children with Suspected Auditory Processing Disorder.

Sriram Boothalingam1, Chris Allan1, Prudence Allen2

  • 1National Center for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.

Plos One
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with auditory processing disorder (APD) show differences in cochlear tuning and medial olivocochlear (MOC) system function compared to typically developing children. These findings suggest potential cochlear involvement in APD.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is characterized by behavioral deficits, but its anatomical basis, particularly in the cochlea, remains unclear.
  • The medial olivocochlear (MOC) system modulates auditory nerve activity, and its role in APD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cochlear processing, measured by stimulus frequency otoacoustic emission (SFOAE) group delay, and MOC system function in children with suspected APD (sAPD).
  • To compare these measures between sAPD and typically developing (TD) children.

Main Methods:

  • Measured SFOAE group delay, a proxy for cochlear tuning, in 23 sAPD and 22 TD children.
  • Assessed the influence of MOC system activation on SFOAE group delay in both groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with sAPD exhibited longer SFOAE group delays and reduced MOC function compared to TD children.
  • A correlation between MOC function and SFOAE delay was observed in TD children but not in sAPD children.
  • MOC activation differentially affected SFOAE delay, increasing it in TD children and decreasing it in sAPD children.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in cochlear and MOC function exist between sAPD and TD children.
  • Longer SFOAE delays in sAPD may indicate altered cochlear tuning, potentially contributing to processing deficits.
  • The cochlea and MOC system are potential sites for further investigation in APD research.