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Antiretroviral Treatment and Resistance Patterns in HIV-Infected Children

Olatunji Adetokunboh1, Oluyemi Atibioke, Tolulope Balogun

  • 1South to South Programme for Comprehensive Family HIV Care and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, olatunji@sun.ac.za.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|August 31, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric HIV patients face significant antiretroviral drug resistance, impacting treatment effectiveness. Understanding resistance patterns and genetic factors is crucial for improving HIV management in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Antiretroviral drug resistance is a major challenge in managing HIV infection in children.
  • Paediatric HIV-infected patients exhibit a higher risk of developing resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
  • Drug resistance limits the effectiveness of HIV management strategies in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on antiretroviral treatment and resistance patterns in HIV-infected children.
  • To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance in pediatric populations.
  • To identify factors associated with antiretroviral resistance in children with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on pediatric HIV treatment and drug resistance.
  • Analysis of prevalence data for drug resistance across different antiretroviral drug classes.
  • Examination of genetic factors and treatment history in relation to resistance development.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of HIV drug resistance varies significantly among different antiretroviral drug classes and patient groups (treatment-naïve vs. experienced).
  • Extensive triple-class drug resistance is associated with prior exposure to multiple antiretroviral agents.
  • Children with poorer viral re-suppression are more prone to developing resistance mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors influencing perinatal HIV transmission may play a role in resistance development.
  • Newer antiretroviral drugs like etravirine offer alternatives for managing resistance.
  • Advanced diagnostic methods, such as next-generation sequencing, enhance the detection of minor variant drug resistance mutations.

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