Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 4, 2026
15:04
An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
Published on: February 17, 2018
13.1K
Hallux Rigidus: Relevant Anatomy and Pathophysiology.
Douglas E Lucas1, Kenneth J Hunt1
1Department of Orthopedics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
Foot and Ankle Clinics
|September 1, 2015
Summary
Hallux rigidus, a great toe joint condition, involves restricted motion and bone spurs. Its exact cause is debated, but anatomy, trauma, and genetics play roles.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Podiatry
- Medical Research
Background:
- Hallux rigidus is a degenerative joint disease affecting the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.
- It is characterized by pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the great toe.
- Progressive osteophyte formation is a hallmark of this condition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of hallux rigidus etiology.
- To highlight key anatomical, historical, and radiographic factors associated with the condition.
- To emphasize the importance of understanding pathophysiology for effective treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of anatomical and etiological factors.
- Analysis of clinical and radiographic findings.
- Synthesis of historical patient data.
Main Results:
- The precise cause of hallux rigidus is not definitively established.
- Anatomic variations, joint trauma history, and genetic predisposition are implicated.
- Radiographic signs include osteochondral defects, altered metatarsal head morphology, and increased hallux interphalangeus angle.
Conclusions:
- Hallux rigidus development is multifactorial.
- Understanding the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Further research may clarify the precise etiological pathways.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Ankle Joint
3.6K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.6K
01:09Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
10.9K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
10.9K
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
13.7K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
13.7K
01:15Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
10.6K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
10.6K
01:16Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
9.3K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
9.3K
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
4.0K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
4.0K