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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

226
Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
226
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
482
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

750
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

766
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

804
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Why are Excipients Important to Neonates?

Mark A Turner1, Utpal Shah

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK. mark.turner@liverpool.ac.uk.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|September 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Medicines for neonates often contain excipients, which aid formulation but can cause harm. Minimizing excipient exposure is crucial for infant safety, balancing benefits against potential risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • Neonates receive numerous medications, many containing excipients essential for drug formulation and stability.
  • Excipients, while vital for drug manufacturability and usability, can pose potential risks to vulnerable neonatal populations.
  • Understanding excipient functions and adverse effects is critical for safe neonatal pharmacotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To educate healthcare professionals on the roles and potential adverse effects of excipients in neonatal medications.
  • To provide pharmaceutical scientists with insights into challenges associated with neonatal excipient administration.
  • To guide clinicians in prescribing and administering medicines containing excipients and identify research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge on excipients in neonatal medicine.
  • It addresses key questions, discusses case studies, and proposes clinical approaches.
  • Identifies areas for future research on neonatal excipient safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • Excipients are integral to drug formulation, shelf-life, and economic viability of medicines.
  • Certain excipients can elicit adverse effects in neonates, necessitating careful consideration.
  • Current knowledge highlights a need for further research into specific excipient safety in this population.

Conclusions:

  • While generally safe, medicines containing excipients require judicious use in neonates.
  • Minimizing excipient exposure when clinically appropriate is recommended.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate the safety profiles of various excipients in neonates.