Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
This rule is used widely in statistics to calculate the proportion of data values...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Does WHO/ISUP grade IV histology provide prognostic insight in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?

International urology and nephrology·2026

Same author

Impact of prior shock wave lithotripsy on outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery for 1-2 cm lower pole kidney stones: a comparative analysis by the EAU-YAU Endourology & Urolithiasis Working Group.

Central European journal of urology·2026

Same author

What should the urologist know on the management of kidney cancer in patients with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome? Recommendations of the European Association of Urology (EAU) Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group.

World journal of urology·2026

Same author

ZEB1-AS1 and miR-200b-3p Expression in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Pathological Correlates.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Composite metabolic indices and calcium oxalate stone formation: a multicenter comparative study of HOMA-IR, PAI, TyG, and METS-IR.

International urology and nephrology·2026

Same author

Assessment of anatomical outcomes in the upper urinary tract following flexible ureteroscopy with flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath: 1-year results from a multicentre study.

BJUI compass·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 17, 2018

How to write a discussion section?

Öner Şanlı¹, Selçuk Erdem¹, Tzevat Tefik¹

¹Department of Urology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Urology

|September 2, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mastering academic writing, especially the discussion section, requires regular practice and clear communication. This review offers strategies for effective manuscript preparation and emphasizes the value of pre-peer review for scholarly articles.

Keywords:

Academic writing discussion section writing a manuscript

More Related Videos

Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

Published on: January 18, 2022

Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research

Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research

Published on: August 4, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 17, 2018

Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

Published on: January 18, 2022

Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research

Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research

Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

Academic Publishing
Scholarly Communication
Scientific Writing

Background:

Manuscript writing is a core academic task, yet challenging.
Effective communication of study outcomes is crucial for researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide guidance on writing the discussion section of manuscripts.
To address general manuscript preparation issues.
To promote best practices in academic writing.

Main Methods:

Review of established principles for manuscript composition.
Structured approach to writing the discussion section (introduction, intermediate, conclusion).
Recommendation of a "divide and conquer" strategy for intermediate paragraphs.

Main Results:

Regular engagement with manuscripts enhances familiarity and skill.
Simple, clear, and effective language is paramount.
Pre-peer review is beneficial for manuscript feedback.

Conclusions:

Academic writing is a skill improved through consistent practice.
A structured approach to the discussion section aids clarity.
Effective manuscript preparation is essential for disseminating research findings.