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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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[Developmental Disorders and Dementia].

Akira Midorikawa1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be linked to dementia later in life. Research suggests potential neurobiological connections, but causality remains unproven.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Investigates the complex relationship between developmental disorders and dementia in aging individuals.
  • Highlights the vulnerability of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) to life events, even in old age.

Observation:

  • Some older adults with undiagnosed ASD exhibiting maladaptive behaviors post-life events have been misdiagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
  • Limited reports exist on the direct link between ASD and bvFTD.
  • Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) show a tendency for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients often have first-degree relatives with learning disabilities (LD).

Findings:

  • Retrospective studies suggest possible associations between developmental disorders and dementia.
  • Potential vulnerability in neurotransmitter pathways or brain language networks indicated.
  • No studies have established a causal relationship between developmental disorders and dementia.

Implications:

  • Suggests potential shared underlying neurobiological mechanisms or predispositions.
  • Underscores the need for careful differential diagnosis in aging individuals with developmental disorders.
  • Calls for further research to explore causality and specific pathways linking developmental disorders and various dementia types.