Use of Three-dimensional Plates in Mid-face Fracture: A Prospective Study

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Trauma Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

• Mid-face fractures present complex challenges in achieving stable fixation and functional recovery.
• Conventional fixation methods may have limitations in addressing the intricate anatomy of the mid-face.
• Three-dimensional (3D) plating systems have emerged as a potential advancement in managing these injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using a three-dimensional (3D) plating system for treating mid-face fractures.
• To assess the efficacy and reliability of 3D plates in achieving fracture reduction and occlusal stability.
• To determine the complication rates associated with 3D plating in mid-face fracture management.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 18 patients with 30 mid-face fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation using 3D plates.
• Postoperative follow-up occurred at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to assess outcomes.
• Evaluated parameters included fracture reduction, occlusal stability, and incidence of complications such as neurosensory deficit, infection, masticatory difficulty, nonunion, and malunion.

Main Results:

• Significant improvements were observed, with 72.2% fracture reduction and 72.2% occlusal stability.
• The overall complication rate was 16.6%, including paresthesia, infection, and temporary masticatory difficulty.
• No instances of nonunion or malunion were reported, indicating successful bone healing.

Conclusions:

• Single 3D titanium plates (1.7 mm diameter) provide a reliable and effective treatment for mid-face fractures.
• The unique biogeometrical design of 3D plates enhances stability compared to conventional 1.5 mm miniplates.
• 3D plating represents an advantageous fixation method for mid-face fractures due to improved stability and reduced hardware bulk.